Absorption Spectroscopy Lab Report Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Absorption Spectroscopy - Lab Report Example It is valuable since it can accurately determine very tiny analyte concentrations (to the range of up to 10-5). It employs Beer-Lambert’s law to determine concentration. This law relates the thickness of the cuvette used in the analysis with the concentration of the analyte. It can be written as A= ÃŽ µcl, where This experiment involves the analysis of the risk that a consumer gets exposed to when he ingests a dye present in various commercial food items. This will be accomplished by determining the concentration of the dye present in the sample by use of absorption spectroscopy and then comparing it with the measured LD50 of that dye. To find the mass of the food dye present in the sample, the formula mass = number of moles / molar mass. The molar mass of Allura Red is 496.42 g/mol. The number of moles can be found by: moles = mass / molar mass From published literature, the LD50 of Allura Red is between 6-10 g/kg body weight (Vinaya Corporation). The amount of Allura Red that must be ingested to cause a fatality to a person whose weight is 56 kg is given by ((6g x 56 kg)/1kg). This gives a mass of 336 grams of Allura Red. To ingest 336 grams of Allura Red in sparkling fruit water, one would have to ingest 102.893 liters of sparkling fruit water: 20 ml of the fruit water has 0.06531 grams of Allura Red. To get 336 grams the person would have to consume ((20x336)/0.06531)=102.893 liters. The mass of Allura Red found in sparkling fruit water is relatively low. This makes the dye relatively harmless to human beings. The value obtained is relatively low, because of this; it can be said with a relatively high degree of confidence that the experiment was successful. It is possible errors were introduced into the experiment during the handling of the cuvettes. It is possible that the sides of the cuvettes were touched with dirty hands while they were being filled and then being placed onto the spectrometer. This might

How does music influence human nature particularly in the youth Research Paper

How does music influence human nature particularly in the youth - Research Paper Example Psychological treatments are known to help offenders in a number of ways, which include reducing the rate at which they are rearrested. They also help offenders gain self-control and improve their interpersonal skills in solving problems. The treatment also helps them comprehend issues from other people’s point of view, thus avoiding egocentrism. The offenders moral values improve and they embrace critical reasoning. Anger management is a crucial skill learned in this process, and it assists the individuals undergoing through it not to rush into action when they are angry. The anger management is, however, not to make them avoid becoming angry, but rather to help them monitor their reactions. Nevertheless, psychologists argue that although psychological treatment is authorized in sentencing offenders, its effectiveness is debatable. Many argue that the offenders deserve punishment while in prison, and treatment is pointless. This is because they may not change their behaviours , or are unwilling to do so. They may also opt for treatment not because they can change, but to avoid judgement from the society. Criminal behaviour may include sexual offences, manslaughter, and robbery with violence. An offender may be led to such actions by mental illness, poor social integration skills, factors of unemployment, drug or substance abuse, and the lack of intimate relationships. Depression is also another factor that may lead a person to commit an offence (Evans, 1998).

Integrating Ict In Mathematics Teaching Education Essay

Integrating Ict In Mathematics Teaching Education Essay The purpose of this study is to study the barriers preventing the integration and adoption of information and communication technology in teaching mathematics in Bhubaneswar, India. The data were collected by means of questionnaires from secondary school mathematics teachers. Major barriers were identified: lack of time in the school schedule for projects involving ICT, insufficient teacher training opportunities for ICT projects, inadequate technical support for these projects, lack of knowledge about ways to integrate ICT to enhance the curriculum, difficulty in integrating and using different ICT tools in a single lesson and unavailability of resources at home for the students to access the necessary educational materials. To overcome some of these barriers, this paper proposes an e-portal which is a collection of mathematical tools, a question bank and other resources in digital form that can be used for teaching and learning mathematics. Based on these findings, I propose the us e of several strategies that should enhance successful ICT integration. INTRODUCTION Information and Communication Technology (ICT) has changed our daily activities in many ways. One of the goals for integrating ICTs in education is to enhance teaching and learning practices thereby improving quality of education (Higgins, 2003). However, in most developing countries like India, the potential of ICT to support pedagogy is yet to be fully realised. Since these changes are evident amongst younger members of our society, they are evident on primary and secondary schools students. Considering that ICT plays an increasingly important role in society, especially if we take into account social, economic and cultural role of computers and the Internet, it is clear that the time has come for the actual entry of ICT in the field of education. The combination of ICT and the Internet certainly opens not only many opportunities for creativity and innovation, but also for approaching the teaching material to current generation of students. Researchers argued that with the introduc tion of technology, it is possible to de-emphasize algorithmic skills; the resulting void may be filled by an increased emphasis on the development of mathematical concepts. Technology saves time and gives students access to powerful new ways to explore concepts at a depth that has not been possible in the past. ICT enhances efficiency of mathematical thought, enables learners to make conjectures and immediately test them in non-threatening environment (Laborde, 2001). Abramovich (1999)s use of spreadsheets in generalizing Pythagorean Theorem demonstrates how computers may be used to learn concepts in geometry and algebra. Meanwhile researchers (Balacheff Kaput, 1996; Kilpatrick Davis, 1993) have discussed the impact of technological forces on learning and teaching mathematics. Internet is increasingly being used to enhance collaborative and interactive learning (Cazes, Gueudet,Hersant and Vandebrouck, 2006; Cress and Kimmerle, 2008; Resta and Rafferriere, 2007) also (Lavy andLero n, 2004). As the study and practice of facilitating learning and improving performance (Januszewski Molenda, 2008), the field of educational technology attempts to overcome challenges by developing new approaches and frameworks. In this context, information and communication technologies (ICTs) represent a new approach for enhancing the dissemination of information and helping to meet these challenges. For a successful integration of ICT into the mathematics curriculum, it is essential to have knowledge of the existing software that is used by mathematics teachers. A survey carried out by Forgasz Prince (2002) found that 61% of the respondents (teachers) used spreadsheets, 45% used word processing and 30% used Internet browsers. In a separate study, Jones (2004) found that seven barriers existed while integrating ICT into lessons. These barriers were (i) lack of confidence among teachers during integration(21.2% responses), (ii) lack of access to resources (20.8%), (iii) lack of t ime for the integration(16.4%), (iv) lack of effective training (15.0%), (v) facing technical problems while the software is in use (13.3%), (vi) lack of personal access during lesson preparation (4.9%) and (vii) the age of the teachers (1.8%). METHODOLOGY This research deployed a survey method to investigate the barriers of integrating ICT into the teaching of mathematics. A total of 50 responses were received and they were analysed using the SPSS statistical package. A questionnaire was adapted from the Teacher Technology Survey by the American Institute for Research (AIR, 1998). The questionnaire was divided into five areas, i.e., (A) the teachers profile, (B) how teachers use ICT, (C) the teachers ICT experience, (D) the barriers faced by teachers and (E) the proposed solution. RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS ICT applications in general In general, a total of 74.3% of the respondents used computers on a regular basis. Table 1 depicts the percentage of usage by teachers in the various ICT applications: word processing packages (76.8%), spreadsheets (50.3%), Internet activity (67.2%), search engines (56.5%) and multimedia (11.2%). These percentages show that the computer literacy rate among secondary school mathematics teachers has been high. TABLE 1: Common ICT Applications by Teachers Application Daily (%) Weekly (%) Monthly (%) 1 or 2 times a year (%) Never (%) NA (%) NR (%) Computers in general 22.3 25.2 26.8 12.5 6.2 4.2 2.8 Word processing packages 20.4 26.3 30.1 13.6 5.8 1.3 2.5 Spreadsheets 9.6 15.4 25.3 22.5 6.3 12.5 8.4 Any Internet activity 20.8 22.5 23.9 28.6 1.2 1.3 1.7 Search engines for Internet 14.4 19.8 22.3 26.9 11.5 3.6 1.5 Multimedia 2.5 3.6 5.1 15.8 40.1 19.5 13.4 NA Not Available NR No Response Uses of Internet The Internet was used for various purposes. 65.5% respondents used it for browsing, 42.3% used the e-mail facility, 5.5% used IRC, 6.3% used chat rooms, and 8.6% used it in discussion forums and4.5% for other purposes. 6.9% respondents did not use the Internet. Table 2: Use of Internet by Teachers Activity Browsing e-mail IRC Discussion forums Chat rooms Others None Response (%) 65.5 42.3 5.5 8.6 6.3 4.5 6.9 Professional development and training needs A total of 40.3% respondents indicated that they had received ICT training.60.2% of the respondents demonstrated that they had found the training to be generally useful while 64.9% said that they had not received training on how to integrate ICT into mathematics teaching. According to 46.3% of the respondents, mathematics teachers require training on how to integrate ICT into their teaching while 59.5% of them stated that they needed a combination of various types of training.. Table 3: ICT Training Needs ICT training needs General use Integrate ICT into Teaching Use of Internet Combination of needs Response (%) 10.1 64.9 5.5 59.5 Barriers faced by teachers during integration The six major barriers identified were lack of time in the school schedule for projects involving ICT (50.3%), lack of knowledge about ways to integrate ICT to enhance the curriculum (49.5%), lack of adequate technical support for ICT projects (41.9%), inadequate teacher training opportunities for ICT projects (41.2%), integrating and using different ICT tools in a single lesson (34.8%) and the absence of access to the necessary technology at the homes of students (31.0%). Perception of mathematics teachers toward the proposed solution There is a very strong positive response to the proposed solution to develop a mathematics portal for teaching mathematics, wherein a collection of mathematical tools, a question bank and other resources in digital form that can be used for teaching and learning mathematics. 70.2% of the respondents considered it to be very useful and helpful and 27.3% viewed it as useful and helpful. Only 2.5% of the respondents considered that the portal would not be very useful and helpful. Table 4: Barriers Faced by Teachers Barriers % Response as not a barrier minor major Not enough or limited access to computer hardware 30.2 50.6 19.2 Availability of computer software 23.8 54.6 21.6 Lack of time in school schedule for projects involving ICT 11.3 38.4 50.3 Lack of adequate technical support for ICT projects 15.3 42.8 41.9 Not enough teacher training opportunities for ICT Projects 18.7 40.1 41.2 Lack of knowledge about ways to integrate ICT to enhance curriculum 10.2 40.3 49.5 ICT integration is not a school priority 31.4 45.2 23.4 Students do not have access to the necessary technology at home 22.8 46.2 31.0 Teachers do not have access to the necessary technology at home 24.9 55.2 19.9 Integrating and using different ICT tools in a single Lesson 16.5 48.7 34.8 Table 5: Perceptions towards the proposed solution % response as very useful and helpful % response as useful and helpful % response as not so useful and helpful % response as not at all Proposed solution to develop a mathematics portal for teaching 70.2 27.3 2.5 0 From this study, the following findings were found: The most popular application packages used by mathematics teachers were word processing packages (76.8%), spreadsheets (50.3%), internet activity (67.2%), and search engines (56.5%). However, it must be noted that the packages that have not been positively considered by the respondents may not be necessarily useless. . Mathematics teachers need more time to learn to use them -programmes like specific Java applets, Flash presentations, graphical applications and simulation programmes have great potential for the teaching of mathematics because they encourage explorations and higher order thinking. It is encouraging to learn that 65.5% of the respondents used the browser to gather information. It is timely that educators encourage mathematics teachers to use the Internet for online demonstrations like using Java applets on mathematics that are only available online. A large proportion (64.9%) did not have any training on how to integrate ICT into mathematics teaching. Such training should be an integral part of professional training. Moreover, 46.3% of the respondents requested to have training on how to integrate ICT into teaching. Some major barriers hindering the implementation of ICT in mathematics teaching were found to be lack of time in school schedule for projects involving ICT, insufficient teacher training opportunities for ICT projects, inadequate technical support for these projects, lack of knowledge about ways to integrate ICT to enhance the curriculum, difficulty in integrating and using different ICT tools in a single lesson and unavailability of resources at home for the students to access the necessary educational materials. Therefore, funding for new ICT resources should be increased in order to provide adequate ICT equipment and resources. It is also recommended that the contents of the subject be reduced so as to integrate ICT. teachers consider that inadequate time is a factor against teaching and learning effectiveness Therefore to encourage more teachers to integrate ICT into mathematics lessons, the devised programme must be user friendly. The e-portal proposed for this purpose is geared towards fulfilling such needs. This e-portal will be a collection of mathematical tools, a question bank and other resources in digital form that can be used for teaching and learning mathematics. CONCLUSION To create an environment of effective ICT integration, hence improving the quality of education for the youth in the province teacher education programs must focus on eliminating barriers. Based on the findings and discussions presented here, the several recommendations are suggested for practitioners. Technology plans for implementing ICT should be prepared and implemented. Training in ICTs for teacher educators should be improved in both quantity and quality. Every classroom should have at least one computer with Internet access and an LCD projector. Course content should be redesigned to acquire more benefit from ICT. More ICT-related courses for prospective teachers should be offered. Teacher educators and prospective teachers should be aware of the benefits of ICTs An e-portal, collection of mathematical tools, a question bank and other resources in digital form that can be used for teaching and learning mathematics should be constructed.

Atco Ghost of the Southern New Jersey Piney Barrens Essay -- Urban Leg

Atco Ghost of the Southern New Jersey Piney Barrens The sparsely populated towns and countryside of the Pine Barrens of Southern New Jersey have often been the ideal setting of various ghost stories, including the infamous tale of the Jersey Devil, that are told in the more heavily populated Northern New Jersey and Philadelphia metropolitan regions. One of those â€Å"Piney† towns is home to a lesser-known, but equally interesting, tale of a street that is haunted by the ghost of a young boy. The story is set in the town of Atco, within Waterford Township, and is located approximately half-way between Philadelphia and Atlantic City, right in the heart of the Wharton State Forest section of the Pine Barrens National Reserve. The story was told to me by one of my high-school classmates, who is a resident of the town of Atco. The nineteen year old young man is currently a sophomore at Clemson University and describes himself as being a Roman Catholic of half Italian-American and half Irish-American decent. The young man also noted that he is normally very socially conservative and a staunch Republican. His father is employed as a general contractor and his mother runs her own catering company. He describes himself as a â€Å"self proclaimed expert of all things related to the Atco Ghost.† He cannot remember the specific date when he first heard the story, but stated that he can remember knowing most of the details to the story for most of his life. He also claims to have attempted to see the ghost on only one occasion and after what he saw, he refuses to ever go back to that area of town at night. The following is an almost word for word account, which he checked to ensure its accuracy, of the lengthy story as he retold it to me ... ...ker: American Urban Legends & Their Meanings. New York: W. W. Norton, 1981. Case Studies – Atco Ghost, Atco, NJ / Pleasant Mills Cemetery, Bastso, NJ. Accessed at http://www.sjpr.org/atcocem.html--A website from the South Jersey Paranormal Research group providing a detailed account of their experience in visiting the location of the Atco Ghost. Sceurman, Mark and Maron, Mark. Weird N.J.: Your Travel Guide to New Jersey’s Local Legends and Best Kept Secrets. New York: Barnes & Noble, 2003. Accessed at www.weirdnj.com--A magazine, with selected archives available online, that provides accounts of the various folklore and legends that comprise the New Jersey culture. www.theatcoghost.com--A site detailing directions on how to see the ghost with an accompanying message board in which individuals recount their own experiences of attempting to witness the ghost.

Morality of war in Afghanistan and Iraq Essay

The war in Afghanistan and Iraq are referred by President Bush as wars against terror. They came as a result of the events that happened in the land of America in September 11th 2007. During this time America was attacked by terrorists who bombed the World Trade Center and Washington’s defense unit; the pentagon. These two attacks led to the loss of about 3000 lives. Immediately the US president declared war on Afghanistan which was said to harbor the world’s terrorist Osama bin Laden who masterminded the attacks. Later, he also attacked Iraq after Saddam Hussein said that he also happy to learn that America was attacked though he was not responsible. When both nations were attacked by USA in the name of war against terror, they retaliated. Now the question of morality comes in, who had a right to fight back, is it USA or the so called terrorists? It is this question of morality that will be my main focus on this paper. On 11th September 2001, America was hit by what seemed to be a well coordinated terrorist attack. There were about 19 terrorists who worked in groups of 4 or 5 to execute their plans. They used American jetliners as bombs to hit their two targets that is, the twin towers of the World Trade Centre and the Pentagon which is the USA’s military headquarters at Arlington, Virginia. The other plane which was also hijacked failed to hit its target after the passengers realized what was going on and fought back. It crashed somewhere in rural fields of Pennsylvania. All these acts showed every traits of terrorism. And the 19 men who were involved were Arabs who came from Saudi Arabia, Egypt and other Arab countries. They were all linked to the al-Qaeda network which is an Islamic group headed by Osama bin laden. This organization is dedicated to wage war against USA and their main targets include financial, political and military section. It has never witnessed such deaths since the civil war ended. This is why Bush found it morally right to protect and to fight for he thought it wise to stand up to their bullies. The al-Qaeda network started when Osama bin laden offered himself to support Afghanistan in 1980’s against the occupation by the Union of Soviet Socialist State (USSR). He financed the anti-soviet resistance. After he succeeded in chasing the Soviet out, Osama devoted himself to fight for Muslims in other regions in the world. He was especially angered by the stationing of USA military in Saudi Arabia and the idea of United States for supporting Israel against Palestine in the Arab- Israel war. Osama is an extremist who believed that no US citizen should step in the Muslim land and is totally opposed to the Western influences. Osama bin laden is not an Afghanistan citizen. Afghanistan as an independent nation and it had its every right to fight back USA. Any independent nation should be able to protect its citizens against any external aggression. So, this is one of these obligations that Iraq and Afghanistan were meeting (Press release. 2007 Sept 27) Again, Afghanistan had every right to fight USA back in support of Osama bin laden- the said master minder. This is because a friend in deed is a friend in need. Osama and his al-Qaeda, network saved them from external aggression by the USSR. Now it was their turn to help him. You scratch my back, I scratch yours. By not fighting back was not only a sign of cowardice but also being ungrateful. The Taliban regime depended on Osama’s wealth. He helped to organize and equip all military training camps USA should have used diplomatic strategies to arrest Osama bin laden and bring an end to the operations of the al-Qaeda. According to Martin Luther King junior, you do not pay evil with evil, it will escalate to a very terrible thing. There was no way the attacked nations could have remained quiet. Yes war is not the answer and should be the last option but cannot face your enemy who is armed with open arms. For this reason, I don’t see anything unusual or bad with Iraq and Afghanistan retaliating. Therefore, they were justified to fight back. To the affected Arab nations, the September 11th, 2001 attacks if anything, was a revenge of harms done by USA to the Arab states. USA has been against the Arabs since the Israel Palestine conflict. The US government thought that it must teach these deviant nations a lesson by attacking them. They knew that US is superior to them but they had slow down its move. They were aware that that if you give your enemy an inch, they will take a mile so by fighting back, they were only reducing further military interventions. According to the Muslims (Scott D. M. , 2005) staging a holy war is not morally wrong. Muslims do value holy war or what is called Jihad. To Muslims jihad war should be directed to a visible enemy, against devil inducements and on one’s self aspects. So, by Afghanistan and Iraq fighting back, they were only fulfilling the teachings of Koran. According to them, America fits the description of a foe and it should be shunned from entering in any of the Muslim territories. According to Saddam, it was alright to fight your foe. He was a very strong supporter of this course. In one of his speech that was read by the Information Minister Saeed Al sahaf he said, â€Å"O great warrior nation, O sons our great nation men of arms who uphold the honor of resistance, God’s peace be upon you as you face the aggressors the enemies of God and humanity the passing infidels, with chests filled with faith and love for God. † In his speech he argued people to fight against their enemy, â€Å"The aggressors will flee from what is right and be damned along with their devils. Faith and honor will brighten the faces of Mujahedden (holy fighters), men and women. † He said. Saddam Hussein justified the course he took of fighting Americans and Persians. He died cursing both of them. Before he died he argued all Muslims from all over world to unite and fight their common enemy. By fighting Americans they are only acting according to the Koran’s teachings. After the September 11 attack (Press release. 2007 Sept 27)Saddam was heard saying that the act was heroic though he was not responsible there was no indication that Iraq was responsible for the attack Saddam Hussein celebrated the attacks on USA just a few days after the attack. He said that the attacks were the fruits of the crimes they had committed against humanity. There was no evidence pointing Iraq to the attack so, there was no way they could have allowed USA to attack them. Any move to punish them was resisted by fighting back. America attacked Iraq on allegations that it was involved in the 2001 September 11 attack. What I think prompted US to act against Iraq is the Saddam’s speech after the attack. It should be known that everybody should feel free to express his ideas whenever he feels like. That is why there is freedom of expression. Therefore, Saddam was only exercising his freedom of speech. In Afghanistan, the US government crushed the Taliban government and put another government of their choice. This can be said to be interfering with other states affairs. Taliban was the ruling government before it was ousted by the American troops. Thus, they were fighting back to take their former leadership positions. On the other hand, I think America had all the rights to attack Afghanistan. This is because all the evidence was pointing on Afghanistan. For example in 2007 a videotape was discovered in Afghanistan. It provided insights in Osama’s thinking and ties to the attack. This video was discovered in November 2001 and was conversation between Osama bin laden and the Arab Sheik who had visited Afghanistan. In the tape Osama bin Laden could be heard saying how he premeditated the attacks. He even knew the number of people who would be victims of the attack. Also, because he is a construction engineer, he knew that the best floors to target were three or four because the fine caused by the caused by the gas on the plane would melt all the iron above it and make the while building to collapse. This was enough evidence that linked Osama bin laden, Taliban government and USA attack. Though this tape linked Afghanistan with September eleven attacks, it was not enough evidence to prove that they are the one who did that. May be the tape was recorded by people who wanted to make a name for al-Qaeda? Even before the tape was discovered, USA had already started to revenge on Afghanistan as on 7TH October 2001(Bergen P. , 2006)

Jason & Medea Essay

How do Jason’s feelings at the end of the play differ from those revealed in other encounters? In their first encounter, Jason appears to be trying to make himself feel as if he is better than Medea, and as if he is the bigger person than she, mfou no doubt hate me: but I could never bear ill-will to you† implies that he is a better person for helping her even though she hates him – and that even after all that’s happened and all she has said he still â€Å"could never bear ill-will†. He continues to try and defend his actions, claiming it was for social status, that he didn’t marry for love, but for the fact hat he wants to know they will have a good life and not be poor; also, as he marries the King’s daughter, his sons with Medea will be half-brothers to any children Jason may have with Glauce, therefore improving their status on becoming a king of Corinth. Their second encounter is after Medea has decided her exact plan; she knows how she will kill the princess and the king, and has then also planned to kill her sons. She asks for Jason to attend, and he does, at which point she acts like a stereotypical wife of the time, admitting that she was wrong for all the feelings she had, and that verything that had happened was her fault, that she overreacted because she knew Jason was only doing it for the good of their family. It would seem to be a friendly conversation on Jason’s part, he shows no kind of hostility towards Medea when she speaks to him, and openly accepts her apology, and states when he first speaks to her that he is â€Å"ready to listen†. However, later in this meeting he, again, demeens women, â€Å"Only naturally a woman is angry when her husband marries a second wife. † perhaps this is true in a sense, however I think anyone would be angry if their significant ther decided to marry someone else; not Just a woman. After this it could be said that Medea plays up to this, as when he mentions his sons growing up and being strong, she weeps. This may be because she knows her sons will never go, or she believes crying will make Jason pity her. In this encounter he also mentions sexual jealousy, implying that Medea is simply angry because of the fact that Jason is now sleeping with someone else, rather than her – this is because he doesn’t understand her anger, and therefore infers that it is because of this, rather than the fact that he eft her to marry another. Later in this passage, he also refers to Medea as a â€Å"foolish woman† when she tries to send the Coronet and dress to Glauce, and this theme of sexism is carried out a few lines later â€Å"If my wife values me at all she will yield to me more than to costly presents, I am sure of that†; again, the attitude of the ancient Greek time was that women were to do what they were told, rather than what they wanted. They were to be obedient, and not break any rules. In the third and final encounter, at the end of the play, it appears Jason has reached is peripeteia, his downfall. Medea, at this point, has killed their two sons – and it is clear he loses complete control of his emotions, and he begins wildly insulting Medea, calling ner an â€Å"abomination†. It is also earlier in this pa rt that ne calls ner â€Å"the woman I will kill. † at the beginning of the play, he was supposedly in love with her, whilst at the end, he wants nothing more than her to be dead. It becomes obvious that Jason has realised what Medea is truly like, how manipulative and cunning she is; and how she tricked him, in certain parts, at least, into believing she as Just an obedient wife to him. He claims he wants the gods to â€Å"blast her life†, and during the time in which most, if not all, people believed that these gods were real and had impact on their lives, this would be one of the worst things to wish upon someone else. Again, Jason also mentions her â€Å"sexual Jealousy’, blaming this for the murder of their children â€Å"†¦ out of mere sexual Jealousy, you murder them! † At the complete end of the play, Jason is on the ground, whilst Medea is in a chariot (pulled by dragons) on the roof; this could be a representation of the fact that, in the eginning, Jason was of a higher standing than Medea, however at the end she had gotten (in a sense) what she wanted, and that she was now on top – her enemies not able to laugh at her. He asks Medea to let him bury the children, a request which she declines, so he then asks if he could hold them one last time. She responds with â€Å"now you have kisses for them†, as previously Jason had appeared to be more than happy to let his sons be exiled – even if he did state in previous encounters that he had married the princess not for Just his social standing, but also his sons.

On Human Humor and Irony essays

On Human Humor and Irony essays Analysis of The Kugelmass Episode by Woody Allen Sidney Kugelmass first wife was Flo with whom he had two dull sons. Their marriage was a failure ending with a divorce. He had to give alimony and support to his children and this eventually burdened him. Kugelmass second wife was an oaf woman named Daphne. Their marriage had been unhappy, too. Kugelmass had been telling his analyst how he regretted marrying fat Daphne who swelled up like a beach ball. (2) He also mentioned that, although he admitted it not to be enough, one of his reasons of marrying Daphne is her few bucks. (2) Aside from his marital qualms, he also brought up his desire for an implicit love affair with a new woman. He said that he wanted romance in Venice, at the famous New York restaurant 21, or in front of wine and candlelight. He also told him that the other woman must not come from City College where his wife and he, as a humanities professor, were working. He wanted the relationship to be discreet, though, for he nevertheless did not want a second divorce. Kugelmass also confessed about the dream he had the night before he went to the analyst. He dreamt of himself skipping through a meadow holding the Options-marked basket only to find out that the basket had a hole. His analyst was appalled by what Kugelmass disclosed. He told Kugelmass that an affair would not solve any of his problems. He tried to make it clear to his patient that he needed something more than this short-term cure for his deep-seated problems. He declared that he could not propose such an overnight solution since he was an analyst and not a magician. Kugelmass did not want to take it from his analyst so he terminated his treatment and opted for the Great Persky, a magician, who all of a sudden phoned him offering an instant fulfillment of his hidden desire for a new affair. He convened with Persky in a decr...

Should I choose online or classroom SAT prep

Should I choose online or classroom SAT prep SAT / ACT Prep Online Guides and Tips Like most things in life, the answer to this question is: it depends. In this case, it depends on what kind of learner you are, what your schedule looks like, how quickly you need to beef up your skills, and how much you (or your parents) want to pay. Online education is still young, trying to find its footing as technologies become more sophisticated and people become more connected to the internet 24/7. And SAT prep is also entering a phase of speedy evolution, as theCollege Boardannounced recently that willprovide free preparation for theredesigned testthat begins in the Spring of 2016. But if the College Board’s record for (lack of) transparency is any indication, the prep they provide will be incomplete at best. They've been providing "College Board Official Prep" for decades and certain students benefit from more than that. After all, their job is to present questions that can’t be â€Å"tricked†! So it’s important to keep on top of all your options, as you only have to take the test once if you prepare well. Like it or not, the SAT is probably an important factor in the direction of your post-high school life. A quick comparison of online and classroom SAT prep: Online Classroom where wherever you want major cities when whenever you want late (average weekday start time 7pm) or early (average weekend start time 8am) setting home, library, your choice high school and college classrooms customization fully customized algorithmic program* none timed practice 10 full practice tests* none (no time!) program design self-paced pre-planned (if you get sick, too bad!) upgrades every 2 weeks when the test changes (approx. every 10 years) progress tracking constant and precise none instructor availability 24/7 during class time (about 3-6 hours per week) feedback constant and updated very little *with PrepScholar When Classroom is Better: Of course, there are advantages to traditional classroom instruction that are difficult to quantify. There are some types of students who will do well in a classroom setting: students who require the presence of an authority figure to get anything done students who enjoy the high school experience students who aren’t much higher or lower than the average ability of the class students who are willing to ask every single question they have students who prefer pen-and-paper work to online work If you or your student(s) fall into a few of these categories, you may want to consider classroom preparation. But most students don’t. Obviously, online SAT prep has a ton of advantagesand its abilities are expanding every day. The bottom line is that most proponents of classroom teaching don’t know what technology is capable of. Most educators, in high schools and big prep companies, are middle-aged or older. Their experience with technology is limited at best. PrepScholar (time to toot our own horn!) is founded and staffed entirely by people who have been using computers our whole lives. The company was founded on the principle that technology can provide enriching, compelling educational experiences and we are constantly working to push the boundaries of what we can deliver. We aren’t the least biased authority on the advantages of online test prep, but we may be the best informed. Next Up: Should you take the New SAT or Old SAT? And if you found this interesting or helpful, sign up to the right to stay updated on the topics we think SAT preppers and their parents might find useful. Also, get our FREE SAT guide!

Assisi Essay Research Paper Critical EvaluationAssisi

Assisi Essay, Research Paper Critical Evaluation-Assisi A verse form that I have been analyzing late is Assisi by Norman McCaig, which I found really interesting to read because it made a statement which relates to our universe today even though the verse form was wrote about 30 or forty old ages ago. The verse form has tonss of thoughts including effectual figures of address, good pick of words, of import images and sarcasm. The statement that McCaig makes is, where of all time there is great wealth it ever exists along side great poorness. The verse form is set in Assisi in Italy around the 1970 # 8217 ; s were all the rich tourers are coming in 100s from all different states far and broad to see the frescoes painted by Giotto in Assisi # 8217 ; s immense cathedral. McCaig chiefly focuses on the midget outside of the three-tier cathedral built in honor of St. Francis. McCaig so proceeds to the priest steering the tourers around the cathedral stating them the history of Giotto # 8217 ; s frescoes and how they separately teach people the goodness of God and the agony of his boy. McCaig uses effectual littery techniques to depict the tourers and to depict the midget. He so goes on to explicate that the tourers are non analyzing the frescoes and are merely at that place to tout about being at that place. Then he goes on to state of the dwarfs voice when he says # 8220 ; Grazie # 8221 ; for the money one of the tourers have given to him outside the cathedral. McCaig uses apposition by locating the midget outside of the immense three tier cathedral. McCaig besides refers to the midget as a # 8220 ; ruined temple # 8221 ; . By stating this he creates a immense contrast between the midget and the cathedral, he besides uses sarcasm to compare the midget to St. Francis were he says:# 8220 ; Outside the three grades of churches built in honor of St. Francis, brother of the hapless, speaker with birds, over whom he had the advantage of non being dead yet. # 8221 ; This is stating that the midget had an advantage over one group of people, the dead. I think that it was a good thought to locate the midget outside the immense cathedral and make the image of a great, strong, attractively designed edifice standing over a little, weak, deformed individual. McCaig gives the reader a in writing description of the midget in both stanzas 1 and 3 where he uses many littery techniques to depict the midget. In stanza 1 he uses initial rhyme, simile and metaphor to give the reader a in writing position of the midget deformed organic structure:# 8220 ; The midget with his custodies on backwards Saturday, slumped like a half-filled poke on bantam distorted legs from which sawdust might run. # 8221 ; He uses initial rhyme to state things like, # 8220 ; sat slumped # 8221 ; and # 8220 ; tiny distorted # 8221 ; , these two pieces of text give a good position of the dwarfs manner of sitting and his small weak legs. The simile used is, # 8220 ; Slumped like a half-filled sack. # 8221 ; This tells me that the midget had no strength to maintain himself up directly and every clip he sat down his dorsum got closer to the land. McCaig besides uses a metaphor to state you of the midget legs, # 8220 ; Tiny twisted legs from which sawdust might run. # 8221 ; Here he is talking about the midget as if he was an old teddy bear, he is stating that his legs are so worn out that sawdust might run from them, this is what happened to the teddy bears in the late nineteenth centaury, they were filled with sawdust and if they wore off the sawdust would run out. In stanza 3 McCaig called the midget # 8220 ; a ruined temple. # 8221 ; , this gives the image of the midget who is battered and bruised and over the old ages he has begun to decompose since no 1 has been looking after him. McCaig says this because the midget has been populating around the immense cathedral for many old ages and is n ow have oning off. McCaig goes on to give more inside informations of the dwarfs visual aspect: # 8220 ; whose eyes, wept Pus, whose dorsum was higher than his caput, whose lopsided mouth # 8221 ; All of these belongingss of the midget are really barbarous, McCaig says this to do the reader feel commiseration for the midget but surprisingly McCaig goes on to state how the midget had a voice every bit sweet as a kid # 8217 ; s:# 8220 ; Said Grazie in a voice as Sweet as a kid # 8217 ; s when she speaks to her mother. # 8221 ; I think McCaig does this to give the reader an component of surprise by giving the midget such a sweet voice when the reader would anticipate a unsmooth, deep voice, McCaig uses really good figures of address in these both stanzas depicting the midget. In stanza 3 there is an drawn-out metaphor comparing the tourers to biddies:# 8220 ; A haste of tourers, clicking contentedly, fluttered after him as he scattered the grain of the word. # 8221 ; McCaig uses this metaphor to demo that the tourers are hotfooting after the priest because he is distributing the word of God, he compares the tourers to biddies who are following the husbandman as if he is dispersing grain. This besides shows that the tourers did non pay much attending to Giotto # 8217 ; s frescoes which told narratives of God. This leads to the tourers devaluating the life and work of Christ. I think that McCaig has made a really clear image of the tourers and that he makes really good usage of the metaphor by widening it. Throughout the verse form there is the usage of sarcasm and irony, the first piece of sarcasm used is in stanza 1 were he compared the three tier cathedral built in honor of St. Francis to the small distorted midget. The following piece of sarcasm is in stanza 2 were McCaig Tells us that the priest is passing his clip steering rich tourers round the cathedral screening of Giotto # 8217 ; s frescoes alternatively of disbursement clip with the people who need it most. The following and last piece of sarcasm I will foreground is in stanza 3 were the midget is sitting outside the cathedral which was built to friend the hapless beggary. This is a good littery technique used by McCaig were he compares the cathedral which was purportedly built for the hapless to the hapless midget who is imploring to the rich tourers. McCaig so goes on to utilize irony when he compares the midget to St. Francis and says:# 8220 ; He had the advantage of non being dead yet. # 8221 ; This is true but the midget has nil to populate for and would most likely want to be dead. I think that these two techniques which were used by McCaig were truly utile in depicting the scenes he is seeking to demo the reader of the verse form. In stanza 3 McCaig gives the reader the one and merely experience of the midget # 8217 ; s voice, from the manner McCaig has vividly described the midget you would anticipate him to hold a unsmooth, deep voice but it is non:# 8220 ; Whose lopsided oral cavity said Grazie in a voice as Sweet as a kid # 8217 ; s when she speaks to her female parent or a bird # 8217 ; s when it spoke to St. Francis. # 8221 ; Once once more McCaig conveying St. Francis into the poemby comparing one of the bird # 8217 ; s voice when it spoke to St. Francis to the midget # 8217 ; s voice as he says # 8220 ; Grazie # 8221 ; . This shows that McCaig is a good author because he can utilize so many littery techniques to make a verse form of this category. I have chosen a verse form and studied it carefully, identified the littery techniques used. I looked at such thoughts as effectual figures of address, pick of words, of import images, sarcasm # 8230 ; # 8230 ; . I have besides showed how the poet has made the societal remark:# 8220 ; Where of all time there is great wealth it ever exists along side great poverty. # 8221 ; 313

Assignment Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 31

Assignment - Essay Example The River Woods facility is projected to be more automated with recent technology in production of appliances (Cameron). This will also ensure that the facility produces more at the least cost while using the least human resource power. The organizational structure of River Woods facility is also under review and most of the top official agree that the facility should be managed by a general manager. The new manager under the proposal is likely to face the following challenges. One of the challenges is the new manager may become overworked. The manager is also likely to face resistance from the subordinates due to the new kind of leadership. The manager may also face communication problems, which are likely to be brought out by the organizational structure and the changes in technology at River Woods. The manger is also likely to become ‘bossy’ since he/she will be ata position of making some of the important decisions in the company. Operating River Wood facility will require a manager who is willing and more able to meet the objectives of the company. In order to manage effectively one is required to have the ability to control others and influence their decision. Owning the position of a manger automatically gives one the legitimate power to assign and give duties in addition to commanding what takes place in the organization. The other source of power the manager at River Woods is likely to exercise is the expert power based on his knowledge and his level of education. The skills he possesses will be able to influence his/her subordinates regarding the control of operations at the facility. The ability of the new manager to socialize and cultivate a good relationship with the subordinates will give him/her referent power. The interpersonal skills and good relationship in an organization always provides a company with the ability to attain its objectives. The new manager will obtain power by being

Developing Marketing Communication- Promotional Practice Report for Essay

Developing Marketing Communication- Promotional Practice Report for Sainsbury Christmas Campaign 2014- Christmas is for sharing - Essay Example This paper is focused on Sainsbury’s promotional campaign for Christmas. It covers the promotional activities of the company, the target audience, medium of communication and usage of required tools. Christmas in UK is the biggest celebration where the people involved in merry making, social gathering, and exchanging gifts. This gives the retail firms an opportunity to meet the customers’ need of buying gifts and other specialty goods for Christmas. The sudden rise in the purchase volume before the Christmas allows the retail firms to increase their sales thereby increasing their revenue. Thus Christmas is a major event that every retail company looks forward to. Sainsbury has designed its marketing campaign for Christmas termed as â€Å"Christmas is for Sharing† to attract the customers at a motivational level to buy and share gifts for their loved ones (Sainsbury’s, 2014). According to the theories discussed by Kotler and Keller (2011) approaching a customer group is done by three basic steps, segmentation, positioning and targeting. The segmentation allows the firm to select a market segment. For Sainsbury, it is the UK retail market segment. Positioning suggests how the firm wants its customers to perceive its value proposition. Finally targeting involves selecting a particular demographic from the entire population. Sainsbury is a multi brand retail store that offers a large portfolio of products belonging to a wide variety of piece range. Moreover, the ‘Christmas is for sharing’ does not target any particular customer segment, which suggests that Sainsbury has designed it Christmas promotional campaign for its entire customer base. Thus the target audience for this campaign is the entire UK population. However, Sainsbury is best known for its balanced positioning thereby targeting the middle and upper middle class of the society (Saunders, 2013). Thus it can be stated that the advertisement seeks to draw the attention of the entire UK

International Legal and Ethical Issues in Business IP Week 3 Essay

International Legal and Ethical Issues in Business IP Week 3 - Essay Example This rule also applies to someone who is inebriated or otherwise under the influence of intoxicating drugs. For the purpose of this element, likewise minors do not have the capacity to enter into a contract, so a parent or guardian must act on their behalf. A minor’s age of consent varies from state to state and different countries but is generally eighteen. 2. Legal Purpose. In order for a contract to be valid, it must also be legal in the domicile which it is drawn. For example, loan contracts with usury above the legal limit are invalid, as are agreements for such things as prostitution, arson, murder and gambling. 3. Offer and Acceptance. This aspect is common in the real estate business, where two parties have something to offer each other. The seller has a house or land and the buyer has the cash to purchase the property. They bargain for a bit and finally acceptance is made from both sides. At this time they have a contract, which once signed can be legal and binding. 4. Consideration. The seller surrenders his property and the buyer hands over his money. As such they have consideration. Of course with real estate, there are often two more parties to the contract, for any number of entities can be party to the contract. The real estate agent does the footwork for both buyer and seller and expects to receive a commission for the efforts. Also, normally the Mortgage Company or bank provides the cash for the transaction and the buyer promises to repay the mortgager. The objective theory of contracts basically means that the person entering into the contract would consider it valid if he or she thought the other party had the intent of carrying through with his offer and the other party’s conduct would justify such intent (Thompson, 2005). A good example of this would be the Washington’s Birthday celebration some car dealers had many years ago. Washington was born on

Complacent Employee, Sharon B. Buchbinder Case Study

Complacent Employee, Sharon B. Buchbinder - Case Study Example He feels beleaguered with all the busy schedule and work load and believes that his work is loved by all teachers and students. He works for long hours and stays at school till late hours to attend to all the needs and requirements of the students in the school. He is dedicated to his work assisting troubled kids and at times their families. His office is often filled with kids that need to be psychological assistance and are troubled from problem arising from either at school or home. This case involves Miller, who is satisfied with is work being fired by the administration because it aims to cut down on its cut backs and budgets. It is during one of this session that he receives an unexpected visitor. The unexpected visitor was his Boss miss Harriet who rarely visited. It was the first time for her to come to Miller’s office. When, he saw her miller immediately suspected that something was amiss. Her visits to the elementary school were always brief as she only greeted and a t times grinned to people and left the premises shortly after. However in this occasion she had something, to share with Miller and, he suspected that it was something serious. According to Miller his job entailed counseling troubled kids and ensuring that they did not end up in any stupid act. For instance, the kid he was tending to shortly before Harriet arrived was threatening to kill herself by taking several pills (Buchbinder, 380). Although, Miller was a hard worker and concentrated fully on his main task of counseling he was wrong on ignoring other prescriptions of his work. The job entitled him to write reports to administration to illustrate his contribution to the school. However, he ignored this thus leading to the administration to conclude that he was doing nothing. Although he explains to his boss that he is industrious, and works for lengthy hours he was wrong to ignore writing of reports which was significant to the administration. By ignoring his duties, and assumin g the reports could wait was wrong. Bob also assumed that the reports meant for the superiors were unnecessary (Buchbinder, 379). This was detrimental to his career because part of the consequence would be him losing his job. Without those reports, this was because his superiors could not know whether he was performing his duties but assume that he was sitting at his desk doing nothing. The administration way of assessing its employees is ineffective. This is because no one supervises Bob or requests for the reports. This indicates the weakness of the school administration. It does not have a personal touch with it employees thus leading to the situation such as Bob’s. It is only ethical that when someone makes a mistake mostly in the working place, they should be warned at least once before firing them. It came as a shock to Bob when the news of his lay off was broken to him as he was not aware. Everything was done in a short notice that did not even prepare him psychologica lly. Bad news, such as a person losing a job is not something that should be done in a hurried manner, for they might cause serious repercussions (Sims, 1). The administration should have at least notified its employees of the planned layoffs. This was unfair to the employees such as Bob who are left jobless without an arranged plan B. Using a short notice to fire puts Bob in a peculiar position as he believes he has devoted his life to labor for the school; thus he deserves a decent treatment despite his flaws. It is also disheartening to discover that the administration has already lined up a replacement for Bob even before he has left. The administration has already hired the services of a part-time psychologist from Melville middle School to take Bob’s position (Buchbinder, 380). However, it is true that Bob’

Contract Modification Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Contract Modification - Case Study Example The defendant promised to pay an additional sum of money for each flats timely construction fearing he would face liquated damages for delay under the original contract. After finishing about eight more completed flats, the plaintiff refused to work any more and also refused to return the remaining 460, which was the amount owing from the subsequent promise or the eight completed flats. The defendant tried to argue that following Stilk v Myrick3, they were not liable to the plaintiff because the subsequent promise was not legally enforceable due to the fact that no consideration had been paid for it .The plaintiff had offered no consideration because, in exchange, the plaintiff was only offering to do what he was already bound to do.4 The Court held that there was indeed a benefit for the defendant in that he would avoid the penalty liquidated damages and have the convenience of continuing with the same carpenter At the time this case was decided, it was widely expected that that this new notion of a "practical benefit analysis" would be applied to future cases concerning part payment of debts. 5If thoroughly applied the previous cases of Foakes v Beer and Pinnel's case would be rendered as not good precedent.6 Therefore, where the creditor accepts less than the full amount owed to him and promises to waive the rest of the money it would not be difficult for him to prove that there have been any practical benefits received. 7Lord Blackburn who gave the dissenting judgement in Foakes v Beer acknowledged this, as follows:8 "All men of business ... do everyday recognise and act on the ground that prompt payment of a part of their demand may be more beneficial to them than it would be to insist on their rights and enforce payment of the whole. Even where the debtor is perfectly solvent, and sure to pay at last, this is often so. Where the credit of the debtor is doubtful it must be more so."9 The case of Re Selectmove Ltd.10 involved an appeal by a company from an order arising from the request of the IRC to recover a large amount of taxes and to wind up the defaulting company. The company pleaded that the IRC had promised through an agreement that they could pay the arrears in a monthly scheme and pay the new taxes promptly. The court held in line with Williams v Roffey brothers that this arrangement amounted to a practical benefit to the IRC. However the case was decided in the favour of IRC and Peter Gibson L J made it very clear that if the Court of Appeal were to accept the practical benefits analysis, "It would in effect leave the principle in Foakes v Beer without any application". He also said that the creditor will almost always look at the practical benefits of any bargain but they cannot be classified as new consideration and this has been the view in Foakes v Beer. This view of the Court of Appeal has been subjected to much criticism. 11It is often said that it overlooked the incompatibility between the decisions of the Williams v Roffey and Foakes v Beer and that it is not possible to restrict this case merely to a restriction or expansion of the practical benefits doctrine but a clear line needed to be drawn between a promise to pay additional sums of money under the Williams v Roffey Case and a promise to accept a lesser amount of money in lieu of the full payment under the rule in Foakes v

How to Get a Job Easily Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

How to Get a Job Easily - Essay Example The paper explores the difficulties in getting hired for required position and analyses why some people cannot find a job easily even if they are expert in their field. Or how can we reflect the true picture about our skills which can fit with the required position. Therefore, it's important for work seekers to learn some steps in order to get hired at the first attempt. However, the realization of this desire does not happen easily and automatically. To some, it is a whole nightmare to go through the job searching process because of the numerous records of how other people have failed. But the proposition of whether getting job easily or through the hardest way out is a phenomenon that does not happen by chance. It actually takes a person to work his or her way through to getting a job easily. To most job experts, there is a three-tier model or principle that if the job seeker uses, he or she is much likely to land on a job easily. This three-tier model is dubbed good CV-good search method-good interview. The simple implication behind this model is for the job seeker to first and foremost have very good curricula vitae (CV), use an effective job searching medium and also have command over interviews. In the first instance, a curriculum vitae or resume should be seen as a fundamental tool in getting a good job. The resume is actually a powerful ultra scan tool that has the power of bringing to light the potentials and capabilities of the job seeker that cannot be readily seen through observation. The resume therefore speaks for the job seeker by outlining his qualifications, skills, interests, aims, experiences and ambitions for a given job. It is therefore important that job seekers approach the designing of their resumes professionally. It must be recognized that the resume is considered by most employers as an academic principle that ought to follow certain strict format and procedure. It is therefore important to include such things as name, date of birth, address, contacts, work history master list, list of experiences starting from the latest one, qualification and training master list, interests and referees. It is also important to make available on demand certificates and other documentations to proof everything that is stated on the resume. Above all, the resume needs to be accompanied with a cover letter, explaining why one is interested in a particular organization and determine the pertinent skills and experience. After settling with a very good resume, one has to take decision on the job search method to use. To find job easily, it is advised that a job seeker will cast his net wide. It is wrong for a person to put all his eggs in one basket because in that case if the person loses that basket he losses all his eggs. In other words, it is prudent to use as varying means and media of searching for job as possible. Ultimately, the internet, newspaper, radio and job hunt agencies would do. A modern and effective trend has also been found to be the use of networking whereby a person relies on information of job openings from friends, relatives and old mates. This is very effective because it has been research that most job openings are not advertised in any of the mediums stated above (Gardener, 2009). This way, a person will be exposed to wider range of job openings. This will give the job seeker the opportunity to be highly selective of the kind of jobs to go for and those to avoid based on experience and qualification. Ultimately, the job seeker but remember that the fact that he needs a job does not mean that he should apply for just any job opening at all even if that does not meet his qualifications

Contract Modification Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Contract Modification - Case Study Example The defendant promised to pay an additional sum of money for each flats timely construction fearing he would face liquated damages for delay under the original contract. After finishing about eight more completed flats, the plaintiff refused to work any more and also refused to return the remaining 460, which was the amount owing from the subsequent promise or the eight completed flats. The defendant tried to argue that following Stilk v Myrick3, they were not liable to the plaintiff because the subsequent promise was not legally enforceable due to the fact that no consideration had been paid for it .The plaintiff had offered no consideration because, in exchange, the plaintiff was only offering to do what he was already bound to do.4 The Court held that there was indeed a benefit for the defendant in that he would avoid the penalty liquidated damages and have the convenience of continuing with the same carpenter At the time this case was decided, it was widely expected that that this new notion of a "practical benefit analysis" would be applied to future cases concerning part payment of debts. 5If thoroughly applied the previous cases of Foakes v Beer and Pinnel's case would be rendered as not good precedent.6 Therefore, where the creditor accepts less than the full amount owed to him and promises to waive the rest of the money it would not be difficult for him to prove that there have been any practical benefits received. 7Lord Blackburn who gave the dissenting judgement in Foakes v Beer acknowledged this, as follows:8 "All men of business ... do everyday recognise and act on the ground that prompt payment of a part of their demand may be more beneficial to them than it would be to insist on their rights and enforce payment of the whole. Even where the debtor is perfectly solvent, and sure to pay at last, this is often so. Where the credit of the debtor is doubtful it must be more so."9 The case of Re Selectmove Ltd.10 involved an appeal by a company from an order arising from the request of the IRC to recover a large amount of taxes and to wind up the defaulting company. The company pleaded that the IRC had promised through an agreement that they could pay the arrears in a monthly scheme and pay the new taxes promptly. The court held in line with Williams v Roffey brothers that this arrangement amounted to a practical benefit to the IRC. However the case was decided in the favour of IRC and Peter Gibson L J made it very clear that if the Court of Appeal were to accept the practical benefits analysis, "It would in effect leave the principle in Foakes v Beer without any application". He also said that the creditor will almost always look at the practical benefits of any bargain but they cannot be classified as new consideration and this has been the view in Foakes v Beer. This view of the Court of Appeal has been subjected to much criticism. 11It is often said that it overlooked the incompatibility between the decisions of the Williams v Roffey and Foakes v Beer and that it is not possible to restrict this case merely to a restriction or expansion of the practical benefits doctrine but a clear line needed to be drawn between a promise to pay additional sums of money under the Williams v Roffey Case and a promise to accept a lesser amount of money in lieu of the full payment under the rule in Foakes v

Impact of the French and Indian War Essay Example for Free

Impact of the French and Indian War Essay The Native tribes are one of those directly affected by the French and Indian War. Many native populations suffered a great loss when the French power in North America was eliminated. The French proved to be a strong ally of these native tribes and were essential in countering the continued British expansion. The elimination of the French power resulted to the dispossession of many native tribes, forcing them to move out of their lands. When the Spanish-controlled Florida was taken-over by the British, native tribes who did not want to involve themselves with the British, migrated westward. This has resulted to heated confrontations between several tribes who were already established in the area (Ohio History Central, 2005). The British exploited the boundaries between opposing tribes, making the natives fight among themselves. The French and Indian war also affected the American colonists. As Britain continued to expand their control over the colonies of other European powers, they continued to resettle many of its people throughout their North American provinces. As Britain continued to focus on its war for territory, it began neglecting its duties for its people and its colonies. The French and Indian war resulted to the doubling of Britain’s national debt, and with the shortage of funding; the government imposed new taxes on their colonies. This resulted to stiff resistance, and strained relationship between Britain and its colonies. Troops were called in to the colonies in order to make sure the taxes are paid accordingly (Ohio History Central, 2005). This greatly inconvenienced the colonies, until it finally came down to the American Revolutionary War. Reference: Ohio History Central. (2005). French and Indian War. Retrieved July 27, 2009, from http://www. ohiohistorycentral. org/entry. php? rec=498

PBA Murr vs Wisconsin Case Analysis

PBA Murr vs Wisconsin Case Analysis Adem Mehmetaj I. The question being asked is should two legally distinct but commonly owned contiguous lots of land be combined for takings analysis purposes? Joseph P. Murr and his family bought 2 lots approximately the same size and at different times. The issue before us is that Murr no longer wishes to hold one of the lots and St. Croix rules that he is not allowed to sell only one of the lots due to environmental concerns. Petitioners claim that state and federal courts are in substantial conflict with respect to the issue at hand and cite numerous cases in an attempt to derive support for their proposition. Those cases as well as the examples provided below all involve different facts and circumstances. They confirm that a flexible, ad hoc, approach has consistently been used by the lower courts to define the relevant property and to determine whether compensation is due. The Wisconsin appellate court ruled that because the two lots are contiguous, and happen to be owned by the same people , this Courts parcel as a whole rule from Penn Central requires combining the two parcels for takings analysis. From the Murrs perspective, Lots E and F are two separate parcels, created as legally separate lots, taxed separately, and purchased separately. The lots were never developed together, and were purchased for completely different reasons. Nevertheless, because the Murrs own both parcels, the Wisconsin court ruled that these two parcels combined were the Murrs parcel as a whole. This conclusion was driven by the contiguous ownership. II. The parents of Joseph P. Murr and his siblings (the Murrs) purchased two adjacent lots (Lots E and F) in St. Croix County in 1960. The two lots together made up approximately .98 acres. In 1994 and 1995 respectively, the Murrs parents transferred Lot F and Lot E to their children. In 1995, the two lots were merged pursuant to St. Croix Countys code of ordinances. The relevant ordinance prohibits the individual development or sale of adjacent lots under common ownership, unless an individual lot was at least one acre. The ordinance further specified that if each lot is not at least one acre, the lots may be measured together to equal one acre. Seven years later, the Murrs wanted to sell Lot E and not Lot F. The St. Croix County Board of Adjustment denied the Murrs application to sell the lots separately. The Murrs sued the state and county and claimed the ordinance in question resulted in an uncompensated taking of their property and deprived them of all, or practically all, of th e use of Lot E because the lot cannot be sold or developed as a separate lot. The circuit court granted summary judgement to the state and county. The Court of Appeals of Wisconsin affirmed and held that the Murrs were not deprived of their practical use of the property. Nevertheless, Petitioners submitted their plan to the St. Croix County Board for consideration. The Board denied their plan and refused to make an exception to the longstanding regulations. Instead of modifying the plan or submitting a less-intrusive plan that complied with the existing regulations Petitioners filed this lawsuit alleging a regulatory taking. The Supreme Court confirmed the parcel as a whole rule in Keystone Bituminous Coal Association v. DeBenedictis, where coal operators asserted that a court should only consider the coal that could not be mined to determine whether a state law requiring them to leave a certain amount of coal in the ground amounted to a regulatory taking. The Supreme Court again endorsed the parcel as a whole rule in Concrete Pipe Products, Inc. v. Construction Laborers Pension Trust. There, Concrete Pipe claimed that a regulatory taking occurred when federal law required it to pay withdrawal liability to a pension trust. In 2006, the Murrs brought suit in St. Croix County Circuit Court, which ruled against them and affirmed the Zoning Boards decision denying the variance to sell or use the two lots as separate building sites. The Murrs claim that since Lot E and F were created as legally separate lots purchased separately for different purposes and taxed separately, they should also be able to sell them separately. The Murrs reject the claim that Penn Central v City of New York[1] established a rule stating that two legally distinct properties should be considered as contiguous parcels. Under Penn Central, to determine whether a particular government action has accomplished a taking, courts are to focus both on the character of the action and on the natur e and extent of the right interference with rights in the parcel as a whole. [2] On appeal in 2011, the Wisconsin State Appellate Court once again upheld the boards decision. It held that the two lots are contiguous and also happen to be owned by the same people, so implementing the Courts parcel as a whole rule from Penn Central does in fact require combining the two parcels for takings analysis. Furthermore, the Court of Appeals rejected the petitioners notion that the lots had not merged as a result of the Grandfather Clause because the lots were already subject to the 1976 environmental regulation when they had been merged under joint ownership in 1995. The Appellate Court ruled that it was not a taking because the Murrs property, taken as a whole, could be used for residential purposes, among other things. [3] The circuit court had also stated that a year-round residence could be built on top of the bluff and the residence could be located entirely on Lot E, entirely on Lot F, or could straddle both lots. [4] III. The Takings Clause of the U.S. Constitution states simply nor shall private property be taken for public use, without just compensation. However, that clause has taken on a distinguished role in constitutional jurisprudence, notably with relation to the boundaries of state and native restrictive power. Any discussion of the Takings Clause ought to begin with the history that led to its enactment and therefore the approach case law has developed. The Takings Clause found its origin in Section 39 of the Magna Carta, which declared that land would not be taken without some form of due process: No freemen shall be taken or imprisoned or disseised or exiled or in any way destroyed, nor will we go upon him nor send upon him, except by the lawful judgment of his peers or by the law of the land. The Fifth Amendment was solely a restriction against the central. Whereas there have been some limits on the powers of the States before 1865, the Civil War caused the federal government to rest rict the powers of the state governments against their own voters through the passage of the Thirteenth, Fourteenth, and Fifteenth Amendments. The Fourteenth Amendment created restrictions to the States through Due Process clause. The Due Process Clause gradually shifted. One shift was procedural and was developed to assure that hearings and alternative governmental decision-making processes were conducted fairly. This review of the processes of government is understood as procedural due process of law. A second line of cases extended the boundaries on the federal government within the Bill of Rights to state and local government action exploiting the Due Process Clause. For roughly one hundred years after the passage of the post-Civil War amendments, The Due Process Clause judicial proceeding resulted in incorporation of a number of the restrictions on the federal government within the Bill of Rights to state and local actions moreover. The Supreme Court applied the Takings Clause of the Fifth Amendment to the States through the Fourteenth Amendment Due Process Clause in Chicago Burlington and Quincy R.R. v. City of Chicago, 166 U.S. 226 (1897). Beginning with Mugler v. Kansas, 123 U.S. 623 (1887), during which the U.S. Supreme Court indicated that that Court may review, through the due process of law Clause, the substance of legislation. To review both the procedure as well as the substance of legislation can be referred to as substantive due process. This part of the Due Process Clause allows judges to second-guess state and local legislative decisions. Under substantive due process, a court may verify whether or not the ends and means of legislation were acceptable and whether or not the legislation was unduly oppressive to regulated parties.In Kelo v. city of new London, 125 S. Ct. 2655 (June 23, 2005), the question arose on whether or not the utilization of eminent domain alone for economic development purposes may be a valid public use. Any regulations placed on ones property does indeed infringe on their right of land. That does not mean however it can be deemed a taking. Takings Clause is tricky, because it is not always clear what is a taking and what is not. The unclear interpretation of what a takings is expected to remain in an unpredictable path. IV. St. Croix County and the State of Wisconsin cite numerous environmental interests with the regulations in question. According to the St. Croix County Zoning Board, granting the Murrs the variance could result in yet another residence with access to the river, additional tree cutting and excavating, and another sanitary system in an area with serious limiting factors. We must discuss if these environmental interests are legitimate in preventing landowners from selling. We must decide to either uphold or reverse the Appellate Courts decision that Penn Central, whose building and airspace were considered contiguous parcels, establish a rule that is applicable to the case in question. Furthermore, we must decide if under Lucas v South Carolina Coastal Council,[5] in which the land essentially useless, the Murrs could be entitled to Monetary compensation. Congress enacted the National Wild and Scenic Rivers Act (Act) in 1968 to preserve certain rivers for the enjoyment of present and future generations, to wit: It is hereby declared to be the policy of the United States that certain selected rivers of the Nation which, with their immediate environments, possess outstandingly remarkable scenic, recreational, geologic, fish and wildlife, historic, cultural or other similar values, shall be preserved in free-flowing condition, and that they and their immediate environments shall be protected for the benefit and enjoyment of present and future generations. The Congress declares that the established national policy of dams and other construction at appropriate sections of the rivers of the United States needs to be complemented by a policy that would preserve other selected rivers or sections thereof in their free-flowing condition to protect the water quality of such rivers and to fulfill other vital national conservation purposes.[6] Under both cases, I suggest that we uphold the Boards original decision in 2005. As the circuit and appellate courts both stated, aft er the lots were placed under common ownership as contiguous parcels, they are subject to the countys current zoning regulations. In 1986, Lucas bought two residential lots on the Isle of Palms, a South Carolina barrier island. He intended to build single-family homes as on the adjacent lots. In 1988, the state legislature enacted a law which barred Lucas from erecting permanent habitable structures on his land. The law aimed to protect erosion and destruction of barrier islands. Lucas sued and won a large monetary judgment. The state appealed. Since unlike Lucas, the Murrs may build on both parcels and sell them together for a reasonable price, there is no need for compensation. Furthermore, the Countys environmental interest outweighs that of Murrs. Just v. Marinette County, 56 Wis. 2d 7, 201 N.W.2d 761 (1972), a shoreland zoning ordinance established a conservancy district over wetlands within 1,000 feet of a lake and prohibited any filling without a permit. This, in effect, prev ented the changing of the natural character of the land à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦.[7] The landowner asserted the ordinance was unconstitutional because it amounted to constructive taking without compensation. The court disagreed, finding the ordinance a valid exercise of the police power to protect navigable waters and the public rights therein from the degradation and deterioration which results from uncontrolled use and development of shorelands.[8] In Penn Central, New York Citys landmark preservation interest outweighed the use of airspace as a skyscraper. V. Based on the foregoing, we conclude the circuit court properly granted summary judgment in favor of the County and State of Wisconsin. The undisputed facts establish that the Murrs property, viewed as a whole, retains beneficial and practical use as a residential lot. Accordingly, we conclude they have not alleged a compensable taking as a matter of law. Bibliography Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka, 347 U.S. 483 (1954). Chicago, B. Q. R. Co. v. Chicago, 166 U.S. 226 (1897). Just v. Marinette County, 56 Wis. 2d 7, 201 N.W.2d 761 (1972). Kelo v. New London 545 U.S. 469 (2005). Lucas v. South Carolina Coastal Council 505 U.S. 1003 (1992). Magna Carta, Chapter 39, June 15, 1215. Mugler v. Kansas, 123 U.S. 623 (1887). Murr v. Wisconsin, Oyez, https://www.oyez.org/cases/2016/15-214 (last visited Dec 19, 2016). Nectow v. City of Cambridge, 277 U.S. 183 (1928). Penn Central Transportation Co. v. New York City, 438 U.S. 104 (1978). Slaughterhouse Cases, 83 U.S. 16 Wall. 36 36 (1872). United States v. Carolene Products Co., 304 U.S. 144 (1938). Village of Euclid v. Ambler Realty Co., 272 U.S. 365 (1926). [1] Penn Central Transportation Co. v. New York City, 438 U.S. 104 (1978). [2] ibid. [3] Murr v. Wisconsin, Oyez, https://www.oyez.org/cases/2016/15-214 (last visited Dec 19, 2016). [4] ibid. [5] Lucas v. South Carolina Coastal Council 505 U.S. 1003 (1992). [6] Murr v. Wisconsin, Oyez, https://www.oyez.org/cases/2016/15-214 (last visited Dec 19, 2016). [7] Just v. Marinette County, 56 Wis. 2d 7, 201 N.W.2d 761 (1972). [8] ibid.

The Dietary Drug Xenical: A Breakthrough in Combating Obesity :: Biology Health Essays

The Dietary Drug Xenical: A Breakthrough in Combating Obesity In addition to the negative social drawbacks associated with being obese, there are several physical and health risks. Because of this, the issue of obesity has become a widely discussed topic in the United States, especially during the past twenty years. Experts have estimated that somewhere between one in every four and one in every three Americans are obese, and over 55% of Americans over the age of twenty could be classified as being overweight. This number continues to rise. Body Mass Index (BMI) is a scale that uses height and weight to determine body fat. This figure can then be compared to averages to determine if one is at risk for particular health risks. A BMI over 25 is considered overweight, and over 30 is obese. The risk factors that are associated with obesity include diabetes, coronary artery disease, stroke, gallbladder disease, sleep apneas, and even some types of cancers. With all of these health concerns, why is obesity an increasing problem? According to the Colorado Health Net the cost of treating obesity and health-related concerns amounts to about $68 billion per year, not including the $30 billion per year spent on additional weight loss diet programs and special foods. http://www.coloradohealthnet.org./. There are many different viewpoints as to ways to attack the growing problem of obesity. Experts claim to have found an obesity gene, which explains that those who are obese have little control over it http://dmi-www.mc.duke.edu/dfc/gene.html . When the gene is altered in mice, the amount of fat stored in the body varies. Because of the newness of the research and the obvious costs associated with this, it is not a likely procedure. Even though genetic manipulation as a treatment for obesity is years away from practical application, science has attempted to tackle the problem of weight loss in several different ways. One such method uses insulin manipulative drugs in an effort to stabilize blood sugar that would otherwise aid in the storage of fat. Another method uses beta- receptor stimulation to increase thermogenesis. Additionally, appetite is controlled through the use of selective seretonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRI’s) and other appetite satiating drugs. Special diets and exercise seem to be the most widely practiced method of weight loss, but with obesity being such an enormous health risk, many are seeking additional treatments.

A Comparison of Imprisonment in Yellow Wallpaper, Jane Eyre and Slave Girl :: compare and contrast essay examples

Imprisonment in Yellow Wallpaper, Jane Eyre and Slave Girl   Ã‚   When I think of prisons, the first thing that comes into my mind is of course locking someone up against their will or as a punishment, because someone else has decided that this is for the best or simply wants to get someone out of the way. Bertha Mason in Jane Eyre is locked up in the attic and the woman in The Yellow Wall-paper is confined to a summer home by her husband. For both these women, the locking up serves as yet another prison: they are both already prisoners in their own bodies by their mental states. In The Yellow Wall-paper, the main character is placed in a summer home to recover from a nervous condition. Her husband John, a doctor, believes that in order to get well, she has to take a rest cure and refrain from all kinds of physical or mental exertion, and he therefore more or less locks her up in one of the larger rooms of the house where she has nothing to do but stare at the wallpaper and keep a diary. She believes to see a woman trapped behind the wallp aper and strips it off in order to set her free - this I see as how she sees herself in her confinement. Her psychological state as well as the confinement to the room, along with the gender roles and expectations of that time, all work together to make her a prisoner kept making her own decisions. The husband is the provider, the one who knows best and the one who makes the decisions and she has no way of voicing her own. She finally "escapes" her controlling husband and the room by finally descending into insanity. "'I've got out at last', said I, 'in spite of you and Jane! And I've pulled off most of the paper, so you can't put me back!'" (Gilman, p1669). Bertha Mason in Jane Eyre has, to use a slightly old-fashioned term, gone mad to such an extent that she is dangerous to both herself and to others. To get her out of the way, Mr Rochester has her locked up and he pretends that she has never existed at all. By treating her like an animal (putting her in a large cage), he creates a real (physical) prison with its locks and bars, and I believe that only makes matters worse, since there certainly was no way that she would ever recover up there.

Continental Philosophy Essay

When beginning the study of philosophy it is hard to believe that there are so many components involved with one subject. But in reality philosophy is really a broad term for many subtopics; as is the case when discussing continental philosophy, which is the philosophical tradition of continental Europe including phenomenology and existentialism. It all began with Absolute Idealism supported by such philosophers as Fichte and Hegel. It was during the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries that immense amounts of historical changes taking place in the world were showing in the philosophical movements of that time period. George Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel begins the historical analysis of continental philosophy since it all begins with his theories. Though Hegel’s philosophies have been described as difficult his theories form the foundation for what is now known as Hegelian idealism. His theory has four main themes. The first is dependant on the â€Å"Absolute† and states that the â€Å"Absolute† is that which is most real and true and which can also think for itself. The second is based on idealism and he speaks of the objective world being an â€Å"expression of infinite thought† (Moore & Bruder 2005) and that each individuals mind thought processes actually are reflections on themselves. The third theory is based on reality. For Hegel this was not an easy concept. To try to make it easier to understand our book tries to describe it as being similar to mathematics in that everything is coherently connected to another. So in order for something to be completely true it is dependant on all its parts to make it so. Then the forth theory is known as â€Å"The Absolute† and is the â€Å"sum total of reality; is a system of conceptual triads . . . the entire system of thought and reality . . . is an integrated whole in which each proposition is logically interconnected with the rest† (2005). As the nineteenth century turned into the twentieth century what seemed to transpire in philosophy was a direct result of Hegel himself. The response to Hegelian idealism in Europe became known as Continental philosophy which includes the two branches of thought that will be explored, existentialism and phenomenology. Existentialism is a philosophical movement with its main emphasis on individual existence, freedom, and choice. Existentialism became popularized in the 1900’s. Mainly due to what was happening during World War II, many of the popular existentialists were affected by the traumatic world events of that time period. Albert Camus was profoundly affected by World War II and this was depicted throughout his many writings. According to our reading he saw much suffering and despair prior to the war even starting. He eventually became active in social reform and was a member of the communist party for a brief period of time. Even though he will forever be connected to the world of existentialism, he never accepted that to be true. Regardless of his beliefs to whether or not he was an existentialist his thought process has been forever linked. Considered to be a literary genius of his time he was awarded the Nobel Prize in Literature in 1957. During the war, Camus published a number of works which have become associated with his principle thought processes on the â€Å"absurd†: his idea is mainly that it is impossible to make rational sense of one’s experience, and human life is made meaningless by mortality. World War II brought Albert Camus and Jean-Paul Sartre together. Sartre is arguably the most famous existentialist. Unlike Camus, Sartre was an atheist. His main beliefs revolve around the fact that there is in fact no God. For Existentialists like Sartre, the absence of God has a much larger significance than the metaphysics of creation: Without God there is no purpose, no value, and no meaning in the world. Phenomenology is the second branch of Continental philosophy that has historical connections to Hegelian idealism and thus existentialism. Phenomenology is the direct result of Edmund Husserl’s philosophies. According to Husserl, the goal of philosophy was to describe the data of consciousness without bias or prejudice, ignoring all metaphysical and scientific theories in order to accurately describe and analyze the data gathered by human senses and the mind. â€Å"Phenomenology, in theory, simply explores conscious experience without making any metaphysical assumptions† (2005). Martin Heidegger was another popular phenomenologist of the twentieth century. He was inspired by Husserl’s works. â€Å"Heidegger, too, was convinced that it was necessary to look at things with fresh eyes, unshrouded by the presuppositions of the present and past† (2005). According to him humans are actually â€Å"ignorant† to everything, what he called the â€Å"true nature of Being† (2005). It all goes back to Socrates and our inner search for something. In reality however Heidegger and Socrates philosophies are not similar in anyway. To define humans as animals capable of rational thinking is for Heidegger a distorted anthropology. He is not concerned with destroying logic, the ability to formulate analogies, or to display ratios. His mission is to preserve the fragile tendencies of spontaneous thought processes. By so doing Heidegger sees himself as presenting the phenomenal world. Continental philosophy is a form of philosophy that broadens the gap across the continents. It was the form of philosophy that took place in continental Europe during the twentieth century. It was during that time that the main philosophers of that time were being influenced by the terror and violence that was surrounding them thanks in part due to World War II. This influential time saw the rise in existentialism and phenomenology. References Moore, B. N. & Bruder, K. (2005). Philosophy: The power of ideas (6th ed. ). Boston: McGraw-Hill Higher Education.

Macbeth Retold Essay

It feels strange running into something that everyone else is running out of, it’s my second time today. I can’t explain the thrill of running into the blaze, for some it’s just a career but for me it’s my passion. As I reached the top of the burning stairs I looked out the window to see Don with his back against the truck again, he was just standing there watching whilst men are in that house risking their lives to save others. It angers me so much to know that his name will be on the front page tomorrow for what I’ve done again. When we got back to the station the others applauded Don as he walked in and exclaimed â€Å"another fire stopped and 3 lives saved† me and Benji couldn’t bear to watch him take the glory for what we had done, so we went outside to take a breather and collect the post. Whilst we were out there we met the postman, he was standing there as if he was waiting for us, me and Benji exchanged a confused glance and then I said hello, he muttered â€Å"you’ll be station manager son† â€Å"sorry? † I said â€Å"and station commander† he replied â€Å"it’s as if I can tell the future! he laughed as he turned to walk away â€Å"what about me then eh? † shouted Benji shouted after the postman â€Å"it’ll be your sons and his sons and his sons and his sons† the postman sang as he skipped away. Benji and I couldn’t help but burst into laughter, at least it had lightened our mood after Don’s little display inside. That night I told Beth all about what Don has been doing and how he has been taking all the credit lately, I just wanted to vent to her but she got so much angrier than I had expected and told me that I should get rid of him by killing him! I want him gone and I want the praise but is this too extreme? She went on to tell me that if I didn’t do it I’d be a coward and there’s no point in me going back to the fire station at all, I can’t imagine not going back into a fire ever again. I’ve realised I have to do this. I told Beth I agree and she had a plan already. I’m going to kill him in the old house on foster street on Tuesday night when we go there for a risk assessment, Beth told me it would be perfect and no one will know I had anything to do with it; I’ll set the place alight and blame it on the squatters there.

“Monologue for an Onion” by Suji Kwock Kim

Poetry is a wonderful vehicle for layering meaning through metaphor.   Kim, in â€Å"Monologue for an Onion† uses the simple action of peeling onion as a metaphor for complex and hurtful relationships between people.   She artfully weaves images and meaning between the action and the relationship it stands for. Generally, a metaphor is a comparison between two unlike things.   In this poem, the speaker is represented as an onion, which represents a person who is being victimized by the one who is cutting up the onion, the peeler.   This is the basic metaphor, but the levels go even deeper.   The metaphor is the action of peeling the onion by, presumably, another person.   This other person is the one with whom onion is in a relationship.   The action of the poem depicts the final confrontation in the relationship which ends in the tragic destruction of the onion.   It is as if the peeler, one person, actually consumes the other. First, the onion itself represents a person who is being torn apart or torn down. The first person point of view is that of the onion.   On the surface, the onion is apologizing for making the peeler cry.   Most people will tear up when peeling an onion from the acid it emits.   However, in this case, the onion is making an apology to the peeler for causing this reaction, though it can be interpreted as less than sincere. Like the onion, this first person speaker has several layers of herself that remain, for the most part and by her own choice, hidden from others’ view.   Only those that get close to the onion can get to know her innermost layers.   However, in this poem, the person whom the onion represents is being made to forcibly reveal her innermost layers to the peeler before she is ready.   She accuses the peeler from â€Å"†¦peeling away my body, layer by layer,† (line 3).   The relationship between these two individuals is of utmost importance when analyzing the poem’s presentation of the metaphor. According to the speaker, the peeler is intent on reaching the innermost part of her being.   Onions are composed of many layers and anyone who has peeled them apart layer by layer knows what a lengthy task that is.   The speaker knows what it is that the peeler seeks; â€Å"Poor deluded human:   you seek my heart† (line 6).   The speaker is clearly not ready to reveal her â€Å"secret core† which she claims to be a â€Å"pure union of outside and in† (line 5-6). It should be noted that union and onion differ by only one letter, possible indicating that the speaker feels at one with herself and her being and that the peeler is seeking a union, or oneness, with her by force.   Most people understand the love and pure, truthful emotions is not something that can be forced. This insistence by the peeler, and the references to blades and cutting actions reflect their violent and abusive relationship. The attitude of the peeler is very obviously one of frustration.   He has resorted to â€Å"chopping† and â€Å"slashing† as the poem progresses.   His intent is focused on getting to the core of his partner before she is ready to let him.   Here, the tears are not from the acid of the onion, but from her acidic refusal to let him get close to her. He is the type of individual that won’t take no for an answer.   He wants all of her, immediately, and is willing to resort to violence in order to get it. Though the reasons are not explicitly stated as to why she is not willing to allow him into her heart, her scorn for his attempts are obvious.   Her apology in the opening lines does not seem heartfelt, but rather sarcastic.   After all, would an onion apologize to the one that was tearing it apart?   Probably not.   Therefore, the apology is more than likely bitter.   She wants him to share the pain that she is feeling by his constant probing, by his â€Å"blade of fresh desire† (line 26) by his hunger â€Å"to know where meaning/Lies† (lines 20-21). However, one could also respond that many times the abused person in a relationship is made to feel like the violence was caused by her, that she made her partner anger.   In this case, the onion might have actually apologized in the past, but she is clearly at the end of her proverbial rope now.   She uses insults to refer to him, such as â€Å"poor deluded human† (line 6), â€Å"Idiot† (line 10), and â€Å"poor fool† (line 28).   She is no longer willing to allow this intrusion, this violence.   She says â€Å"Enough is enough† (line 15).   She does this even even if it means her own demise. The attitude of the onion, the speaker, is one of coldness, as if she really were an inanimate object.   Perhaps this pattern has repeated itself to the point that she is immune.   She does not beg or plead for him to stop, but chastises him for seeking something that he will never be able to find.   She calls his search a â€Å"fantasy† (line 12) and him a person who is â€Å"lost in a maze of chambers, blood and love† (line 29).   This is a metaphor within a metaphor because, ironically, she is describing him as a heart, which is exactly what he is seeking from her.   She, however, has tired of his senseless, emotionally draining, and possibly even violent demands for her entire being.   She offers herself up as a sacrifice, a martyr even, but never lets him into her core. The two individuals for which the peeling an onion metaphor are unique.   The onion is a person who has many aspects to herself, many of which she simply reserves for herself. She does not delude herself that true love or perfection exists.   She comments that â€Å"You must not grieve that the world is glimpsed/Through veils.   How else can it be seen?†Ã‚   (lines 16-17), meaning that everyone looks at others through their own glasses.   Their sight will different based upon those glasses or veils.   She understands this and refuses to give in to a society which is demanding that she be an open book. The partner, lover, in this poem does believe in these fantasies and is insisting that the speaker conform to this belief as well.   All the while he is violently attempting to plunder her soul, he is weeping.   Why?   The speaker surmises that he is weeping because he realizes deep down that his quest will be futile.   She offers that â€Å"ruin and tears your only signs of progress† (line 14-15).   All he has of her heart after his savage attack is â€Å"onion juice/Yellow peels, my stinging shreds† (lines 21-22) which are not signs of love and union, even though the peeler may rather have the onion’s â€Å"blood’ rather than nothing. The peeler, then, is really the one in pieces, not the onion.   The onion knows who she is and is secure in herself.   The peeler is the one â€Å"divided at the heart† (line 28).   She accuses him of forcing love, of not understanding love, and of not being true to himself, if he knows how to be true to himself:   â€Å"You are the one/In pieces.   Whatever you meant to love, in meaning to /You changed yourself: you are not who you are† (line 23-24). This poem creates a metaphor which compares peeling an onion to the destruction of a relationship between two individuals.   One of them is secret and the other demanding.   This combination can never last.   In the poem, the end is violent, ending with the â€Å"death† of the onion.   Sadly, all too many relationships end up this way.   Kim brilliantly uses this metaphor to portray the destructiveness of this type of relationship.